How beginners can work in offshore

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Finding a jobs is not easy, need relevant experience or training. Working on a rig means you should consider whether hands-on practical work offshore in a rotational position is right for you. If you want to start a career in the offshore sector, you dont  have experienced or knowledge to work in offshore, there are still some positions offshore, which may fit your skills.

You could be starting out as Maintenance Roustabout, General Roustabout, Greenhand, Floorhand or Roughneck. All these jobs are easy to get into with highschool education or some college.

If you have not been offshore before a number of companies will require additional training for entry level candidates. If you have a trade (i.e welder, electrician, mechanic, medic etc) the industry is starting to recommend MIST training. This is an introduction to some of the safety systems used in the offshore environment. This course can be completed at a number of training facilities. If you do not have a trade we will require a Greenhands training course which is a more in depth course which prepares you for working in this hazardous environment.

There are a few basic requirements for someone who wants to work offshore.

1. Provide Basic Offshore Safety and Induction & Emergency Training (BOSIET) certificate.  

    This is certificate is valid for 4 years. BOSIET is required for working in offshore industries.

    In addition, if you want to work in Norway then you will need to complete and OLF certificate. 

2. Provide offshore medical certificate. 

    This medical examination should be done by a doctor or medical centre.

In some europe countries you may need some extra certificates, like in The Netherlands and Belgium you will need a so called VCA or VCA-VOL training to be allowed to work in the harbor / port. It's a basic training which stands for (roughly translated) "Safety, Health and Enviroment Checklist". This certificate is not only related to harbor jobs, but could be required in other industries as well. In The Netherlands a VCA certificate is one of the most important certificates for working safe, and is therefore mandatory.

If you want to join Maritime/Shipping industry, you need STCW 95 Basic Training. This certificate is an International standard for anybody who wants to work on seagoing ships, fishing boats or yachts. Which means you will need it to work in Marine, Maritime and Seagoing jobs, but also when you ‘re a sailor or when you pilot seaworthy motor yachts. 

In any case, and related to any job or position onboard a Rig, you will have the need to know what you're doing. You will need the skills and experience which is needed for you to perform adequately at your job.

Top Subsea Offshore Construction Companies

Offshore construction includes foundations engineering, structural design, construction, and/or repair of offshore structures, both commercial and military. including:

• Subsea oil and gas developments
• Offshore platforms – fixed platforms, semi-submersibles, spars, tension leg platforms (TLPs), floating production storage and offloading (FPSOs).
• Floating oil and gas platforms – semi-submersibles, spars, TLPs, FPSOs.
• Offshore wind power
• Submarine pipelines

According to gnsolidcontroll, Following top Subsea offshore construction companies in the world:
1. Acergy - a seabed-to-surface engineering and construction contractor to the offshore oil and gas              industry worldwide.
2. Tidewater - operates the world's largest fleet serving the international offshore energy industry.
3.  Bergen Group - is a maritime industrial group with main focus on the offshore industry and specialized       vessels.
4.  Saipem S.p.A. - Offshore Construction - particularly in deepwater pipelay and field development - and        Offshore Drillin Aker Marine Contractors - floater and mooring installations, gravity structure                    installations, removal and Surf. Target areas: Europe, GoM and west Africa. Subsea7 - ROV operators,      installation, survey and positioning A2SEA - transport, installation and servicing of offshore wind farms      AF Decom Offshore - demolition and removal of oil installations
5.  DeepOcean AS - provision of high quality services within Inspection, Maintenance & Repair, Survey            and Construction Support and Subsea Decommissioning
6.  EZRA Holdings - an integrated offshore support solutions provider for the oil and gas industry Global          Industries Offshore, L.L.C - offshore construction and underwater diving services Island Offshore - a          fleet of advanced high     quality service and construction vessels NMA Maritime and Offshore                  Contractors BV - large offshore equipments by means of vessel Float-         On/Float-Off, Roll-              On/Roll-Off and Lift-On/Lift-Off operations Noordhoek - underwater contractor in all projects with            underwater activities.
7.  Petrofac Facilities Management - Engineering & Construction, Engineering & Construction Ventures,           Engineering Services, Offshore Engineering & Operations, Training, Production Solutions and Energy           Developments QCI Marine Offshore, LLC - turnkey marine construction company specializing in the           construction and renovation of living quarters
8.  Rosetti Marino SpA - design, procure and construct a wide range of fixed offshore platforms and                modular plants Sea Trucks Group - been providing marine services to the major oil and construction          companies in Nigeria, both offshore and inshore.
9.  Trico Marine - leading provider of marine support vessels to the offshore oil and gas industry DOF             Subsea UK - subsea services contractor, providing survey, IRM, construction support and      subsea            engineering
10. RBG Ltd - UK & International provider of Construction Support, Fabric Maintenance and Related                Services Subocean Limited - provide marine installation contractor services to market-leading                 customers

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The Top 18 Offshore Drilling Companies

Many of the best known companies that drill offshore are on this list of offshore drilling companies.

According to Technavio analysts, the top 18 companies in the Offshore Drilling industries in the world as follows:

1. "A top-tier oilfield service company with a century-long track record, Baker Hughes delivers solutions that help oil and gas operators make the most of their reservoirs. Our history of technology innovation is a cornerstone of our success. Local teams are supported by global centers of excellence where scientists push the boundaries of value-adding technology to find solutions for progressively more complex technical challenges."

 2. Ensco

"Ensco plc brings energy to the world as a global provider of offshore drilling services to the petroleum industry. For more than 25 years, the company has focused on operating safely and going beyond customer expectations. Ensco is ranked first in total customer satisfaction with top honors in eight of 14 categories in the latest annual survey by EnergyPoint Research. Operating one of the newest ultra-deepwater rig fleets and the largest premium jackup fleet, Ensco has a major presence in the most strategic offshore basins across six continents."

 3. Halliburton

“Founded in 1919, Halliburton is one of the world’s largest providers of products and services to the energy industry. With more than 75,000 employees, representing 140 nationalities in approximately 80 countries, the company serves the upstream oil and gas industry throughout the lifecycle of the reservoir – from locating hydrocarbons and managing geological data, to drilling and formation evaluation, well construction and completion, and optimizing production through the life of the field.”

4. Seadrill

"Seadrill is a leading offshore deepwater drilling company, aiming to be our customers' most important partner in making oil and gas available in a safe and cost-effective manner. The company operates a versatile fleet of 69 units that comprises drillships, jack-up rigs, semi-submersible rigs and tender rigs for operations in shallow to ultra-deepwater areas in harsh and benign environments."

5. Transocean

"Transocean is a leading international provider of offshore contract drilling services for oil and gas wells. The company specializes in technically demanding sectors of the global offshore drilling business with a particular focus on deepwater and harsh environment drilling services, and believes that it operates one of the most versatile offshore drilling fleets in the world. Transocean operates a fleet of 79 mobile offshore drilling units consisting of 46 high-specification floaters, 22 midwater floaters and 11 high-specification jackups. In addition, the company has nine ultra-deepwater drillships and five high-specification jackups under construction.”

6. Weatherford

"Weatherford (NYSE/Euronext Paris/SIX:WFT) is one of the largest global providers of products and services that span the drilling, evaluation, completion, production and intervention cycles of oil and natural gas wells. Weatherford is a new breed of service company—one that can provide the industry with extended products and services, more efficient operations, more powerful research and development capabilities and greater geographic diversity."

7. Atwood Oceanics

"Atwood  Oceanics is a leading offshore  drilling company engaged in the drilling and  completion of exploration and development wells  for the global oil and gas industry.   The company currently owns 13 mobile  offshore drilling units and is constructing  three ultra-deepwater drillships. The company was founded in 1968 and  is headquartered in Houston, Texas.   Atwood Oceanics, Inc. common stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol "ATW."

8. COSL

"China Oilfield Services Limited (COSL) is an integrated oilfield service solution provider with nearly 50 years of experience in offshore operation. With its four major business segments of geophysical services, drilling services, well services and marine & transportation services covering the exploration, development and production phases of oil and gas industry, COSL is an all-round offshore oilfield service company with integrated functions and bundled service chain in China and even in the world. COSL possesses the largest fleet of offshore oilfield services facilities in China."

9. Diamond Offshore

"Diamond Offshore Drilling, Inc.  is a leader in offshore drilling, providing contract drilling services to the energy industry around the globe with a total fleet of 45 offshore drilling rigs, including seven rigs under construction.  Diamond Offshore's fleet consists of 33 semisubmersibles, three of which are under construction, five dynamically positioned drillships, four of which are under construction, and seven jack-ups."

10. Fred Olsen Energy

"The offshore fleet of Fred. Olsen Energy ASA with subsidiaries (the Group) consists of two ultra/deepwater units and five mid-water semi-submersible drilling rigs in addition to one tender support vessel and one accommodation unit. Three of the semi-submersible drilling rigs are operating on the Norwegian Continental Shelf. In addition, one ultra deepwater drillship was delivered end of February 2014. The Group has one other newbuild under construction, an ultra deepwater semi submersible for harsh environment scheduled to be delivered in 3Q 2015."

 11. Gyrodata

"Gyrodata's precision survey services have had a major impact on drilling and production operations. High accuracy surveys assure precise wellbore targeting and reservoir delineation, and they prevent costly problems such as missed objectives and wellbore collisions in multiwell structures. Today, Gyrodata is the leading supplier of precision wellbore survey services as well as industry leading directional drilling technology and services to the energy, mining, environmental and construction industries."

12. KCA Deutag

"KCA DEUTAG is one of the largest international drilling contractors. The company employs 8,000 staff in more than 22 countries and it had revenue in 2012 of US$1.7 billion. KCA DEUTAG is currently the drilling operations contractor on 33 offshore platforms worldwide and owns and operates a fleet of mobile offshore drilling units consisting of 2 jack-ups and 3 self erecting tender barges. The company also owns and operates a fleet of more than 60 land drilling rigs."

13. Maersk Drilling

"Maersk Drilling has an ambition of becoming a significant contributor to the A.P. Moller - Maersk Group with a profit (NOPAT) of USD 1bn by 2018, while conducting incident free operations. In addition to the three drillships and four jack-up rigs in order, the modern fleet counts 17 drilling rigs including deepwater semi-submersibles and high-end jack-up rigs. Maersk Drilling employs an international staff of 4,000 people and generated a profit of USD 528m in 2013."

14. Nabors

"Nabors owns and operates the world's largest land-based drilling rig fleet and has one of the largest completion services and workover and well servicing rig fleets in North America. The company is a leading provider of offshore platform workover and drilling rigs in the U.S. and multiple international markets. Nabors provides innovative drilling technology and equipment, directional drilling and comprehensive oilfield services in most of the significant oil and gas markets in the world."

15. Noble

"Noble is a leading offshore drilling contractor for the oil and gas industry. Noble performs, through its subsidiaries, contract drilling services with a fleet of 77 offshore drilling units (including two ultra-deepwater drillships and four high-specification jackup drilling rigs currently under construction), located worldwide, including in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico and Alaska, Mexico, Brazil, the North Sea, the Mediterranean, West Africa, the Middle East, India, Malaysia and Australia."

16.  Rowan Companies

"Rowan Companies is a global provider of offshore contract drilling services, focused on operating safely and efficiently to exceed customer expectations.  We are a market leader with one of the youngest fleets in our industry, including four ultra-deepwater drillships, three of which are currently under construction, and 30 jack-up rigs, 19 of which are rated high-specification.  Our mission is to be recognized by our customers as the most efficient and capable provider of demanding contract drilling services."

 17. Scientific Drilling

"Scientific Drilling International (SDI) is an independent directional drilling and wellbore navigation, surveying and logging service company serving customers worldwide.The company serves a diverse range of customers in all energy sectors. Besides participating in some of the most complex conventional and unconventional oil and gas projects in the world, SDI also has extensive experience in working on geothermal wells and drilling horizontal laterals in coalbed methane reservoirs."

18. Superior Energy Services

"Superior Energy Services offers drilling-related and production related solutions to energy producers. We provide a diverse set of products and services in select global markets that add value to our customers' operations with an emphasis on quality, integrity and safe operations."

 image courtesy: HELIX http://offshorecrews.com/how-the-stuff-work/the-top-18-offshore-drilling-companiesESG TWITTER

Floating Production Storage and Offloading (FPSO)

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FPSO used in offshore production since the 1970s, FPSOs have been historically utilized in the North Sea, offshore Brazil, Asia Pacific, the Mediterranean Sea and offshore West Africa. 

A Floating Production Storage and Offloading (FPSO) installation is a floating facility, usually based on a (converted) oil tanker hull. It is equipped with hydrocarbon processing equipment for separation and treatment of crude oil, water and gases, arriving on board from sub-sea oil wells via flexible pipelines.  

FPSOs are effective development solutions for both deepwater and ultra-deepwater fields. A central mooring system allows the vessel to rotate freely to best respond to weather conditions, or weathervane, while spread-mooring systems anchor the vessel from various locations on the seafloor.

The FPSO concept allows oil companies to produce oil in more remote areas and in deeper water than would have been economically possible with other technology, like fixed piled structures. Furthermore, it has storage capacity for the treated crude oil produced and is equipped with an offloading system to transfer the crude oil to shuttle tankers for shipment to refineries, rather than requiring a pipeline to transport oil to shore.

Besides FPSOs, similar floating systems include Floating Storage and Offloading systems (FSOs), Floating Production Systems (FPSs) and Floating Storage Units (FSUs). Additionally, the world's first FDPSO, or Floating Drilling Production Storage and Offloading vessel, was developed in 2009 for Murphy Oil's Azurite field offshore Republic of Congo. This Azurite FDPSO incorporates deepwater drilling equipment that will help to develop the field and can be removed and reused after all the Azurite production wells have been drilled. Furthermore, the world's first FLNG or Floating Liquid Natural Gas vessel is currently being developed.

the difference between IADC or IWCF

There are many people who still do not understand the difference between IADC or IWCF. We would have a little review of what is the difference of the two. 

Both IWCF and IADC focuses on training and testing (examination) on well control, the consensus of regulators around the world is that either provide the required basic foundation of well control training.

1. IADC: 

The IADC programme called WellCap (initiated and used in the USA and by many American     companies). 

IADC (International Association of Drilling Contractors): This Wellcap certificate is required for those     who are working for the rig contractors. Not only every body is working for rig contractors has to be     having this certificate, but only Assistant Driller, Driller, Tour Pusher, Tool Pusher, OIM positions.     Wellcap can be issued by an IADC company. It has also a validity of 2 years, but it can be renewed a     little bit easier compared to IWCF.

Some operators don’t accept IADC for its drilling rig contractor’s     personnel. So in this case Drilling Contractor’s personnel have to get the IWCF instead.

2. IWCF

The IWCF assessment and certification programme (initiated in Europe). IWCF is International    WellControl School forum. Head office is in Netherland, This is non-commercial organization.

For those who are working at RIG SITE as Senior Drilling Supervisor, Drilling Supervisor - DSV    (consultant position), Well-site Engineer, need to have a valid IWCF. IWCF is valid for only 2 years,    after two years, you need to renew it. It costs around 2,000 - 2,5000 USD/ seat (1 week training). There    is quite a lot of organizations who are able to provide this kind of training (Aberdeen drilling school, Rig    Train, PTTCO training (Thailand), Equilibria well Control etc.). 

It is also quite tough for a young    engineer to get passed the IWCF test, you should pass 1, practical assessment (you need to be familiar    with rig floor equipment so you can physically kill the well by yourself with a help from a driller) 2; P &    P is Procedures and Principles (all calculations and theory - this should not a big deal for an engineer); 3,    Equipment (you should have certain knowledge on equipment in order to pass it test). Unless you gained   70 points for each test, otherwise you are failed! To reseat, you have to wait, and it is costly also.

IWCF   is accepted by all Operators in the world, and it a MUST criteria for DSV working at rig site.

image courtesy: learntodrillhttp://offshorecrews.com/how-the-stuff-work/the-difference-between-iadc-or-iwcf

The Largest Offshore Gas Platform - The Troll Field

The Troll field is the world's biggest subsea development with regards to the number of subsea wells. operated by Statoil. The Troll start production on 1995, which located in the northern part of the North Sea, approximately 65 kilometres west of Kollsnes, near Bergen in Norway. 

The Troll Field history: 

1986 - Norske Shell was responsible for the first gas development phase on Troll, which received a green light from the Norwegian parliament.

1995 - Troll B entered production

1996 - Statoil took over as operator for Troll Gas from Norske Shell

1996 - Contractual gas deliveries began flowing from the field to continental Europe under the Troll gas sales agreements via the Zeepipe Gas Pipeline

2002 - ABB win contract for power system and compression module

2008 - Aibel wins a contract for new living quarters modules for Troll A platform

2012 - Temporary shutdown of Troll C

2014 - Compression modules added to Troll A

The Troll Platform Dimensions

The Troll A platform has an overall height of 472 metres (1,549 ft), weighs 683,600 tons (1,2 million tons with ballast) and has the distinction of being the tallest structure ever moved by mankind. 

The platform stands on the sea floor 303 metres (994 feet) below the surface of the sea and one of the continuous-slip-formed concrete cylindrical legs (the leg containing the import and export risers) has an elevator that takes over nine minutes to travel from the platform above the waves to the sea floor. 

The walls of Troll A's legs are over 1 metre thick made of steel reinforced concrete formed in one continuous pour (See Slip forming) and each is a mathematically joined composite of several conical cylinders that flares out smoothly to greater diameters at both the top and bottom, so each support is somewhat wasp-waisted viewed in profile and circular in any cross-section (see picture at right). 

The concrete legs must be able to withstand intense pressure so are built using a continuous flow of concrete, a lengthy process that takes 20 minutes per 5 cm laid.

The field contains 40 per cent of the total gas reserves on the Norwegian continental shelf and is also one of the largest oil fields on the continental shelf.

The Troll field is the world's biggest subsea development with regards to the number of subsea wells.

The Troll A concrete deepwater structure is the world’s largest natural gas production platform at 473 meters tall and weighing 1.2 million tons.

It is also the tallest structure ever to be moved by mankind.

At peak production the field produced 400,000 bpd

Gas is delivered to Belgium via the Zeepipe Gas Pipeline after processing at the Kollsnes Gas Processing Plant in Norway

Following the Contractors who working on the Troll project:

GE Oil & Gas: Designed, built and installed the original Troll B subsea production system

Aker Solutions:

Six subsea trees and a tool package

38 kilometres of umbilicals

Hyundai Heavy Industries: Construction of Troll C floating platform

Emtunga:

Troll A - Pre-engineering, Pre-compression Power Transformer Modules

Troll A - Additional accommodation

Aibel:

Area preparation, installation and integration of new living quarters modules for Troll A platform

Study contract for conceptual development of the Troll A 3rd & 4th compressor trains

Upgrading the Troll A-platform with a new compression module, utility module and in addition a new electro module for receiving electricity from ashore

ABB:

Engineering, procurement, construction and installation offshore of a 4000-ton gas compression module

Supply of an offshore power transmission system

Electric drive system for two pre-compression units for Troll A

Two high-voltage direct current (HVDC) power transmission systems, including HVDC converters and subsea direct current cables to provide reliable power to the offshore equipment from the shore

Jotun: Painting Troll A - Jacket, Deck, Heli-deck, Topside

World records

In 1996 the platform set the Guinness World Record for 'largest offshore gas platform'.

In 2006, the 10th anniversary of Statoil's operatorship of Troll gas production was celebrated with a concert by Katie Melua held at the base of the Troll A platform. As well as entertaining the workers on the rig, the concert set a new world record for the deepest underwater concert at 303 metres below sea level.

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